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India – National Current Affairs
1. Railway Electrification Crosses 99% Milestone
Indian Railways announced that electrification of the broad-gauge network has reached over 99%, covering more than 25 states and union territories. Over 33,000 route kilometers were electrified between 2019 and 2025, marking a major step toward sustainable transportation. Exam Relevance: Questions on environmental initiatives and railway infrastructure development.
2. Indian Navy to Commission MH-60R Squadron INAS 335
The Indian Navy will commission its second MH-60R helicopter squadron, INAS 335 (Ospreys), on 17 December at INS Hansa in Goa. Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi will attend the ceremony. The MH-60R helicopters significantly enhance India's maritime surveillance and anti-submarine warfare capabilities. Exam Relevance: Defense modernization and naval assets.
3. India Rejects Bangladesh's Assertions on Election Interference
India categorically rejected claims by Bangladesh's interim government alleging interference in its elections. The Ministry of External Affairs stated that India has consistently supported free and fair elections in Bangladesh and has never allowed its territory for activities hostile to neighboring countries. Exam Relevance: India-Bangladesh relations and diplomacy.
4. Congress Rally at Ram Leela Maidan, Delhi
The Congress party held a major rally at Ram Leela Maidan in Delhi, with party president Mallikarjun Kharge addressing concerns about electoral reforms and the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) process. BJP countered with allegations of creating confusion over electoral processes. Exam Relevance: Political developments and electoral reforms.
5. India Condemns Terror Attack in Australia
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the terror attack targeting Hanukkah celebrations at Bondi Beach, Australia. India expressed solidarity with victims and their families in this act of antisemitic violence. Exam Relevance: India's foreign policy and international terrorism.
6. BJP Leaders Meet in Delhi on Manipur Stability
BJP summoned all 37 of its Manipur MLAs to New Delhi on 14 December to discuss strategies for maintaining a stable government in the state amid ongoing political challenges. Exam Relevance: State politics and governance issues.
7. GRAP-IV Measures Continue in Delhi-NCR
The Commission for Air Quality Management maintained Stage IV of the Graded Response Action Plan across Delhi-NCR due to worsening air quality. Heavy vehicle entry restrictions and other pollution control measures remain in effect. Exam Relevance: Environmental issues and pollution control mechanisms.
8. Nitin Nabin Appointed BJP National Working President
Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Nitin Nabin on becoming the National Working President of the BJP. At 45 years old, Nabin represents a younger leadership push within the party. Exam Relevance: Political appointments and party structures.
9. India Cricket Team Defeats South Africa in 3rd T20I
India beat South Africa by 7 wickets in the 3rd T20I at Dharamsala on 14 December, taking a 2-1 series lead. Arshdeep Singh's bowling (2/13) and Abhishek Sharma's aggressive batting (35 off 18 balls) were key highlights. India bowled out South Africa for just 117 runs. Exam Relevance: Sports current affairs.
10. ISRO Plans Seven Launches by March 2026
ISRO announced ambitious plans for seven launch missions by March 2026, including the first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission, commercial satellite launches, and deployment of the Oceansat satellite. The Gaganyaan mission carrying humanoid Vyommitra is scheduled for December 2025. Exam Relevance: Space technology and ISRO missions.
International Current Affairs
1. Far-Right Leader José Antonio Kast Wins Chile Presidential Election
José Antonio Kast won Chile's presidential runoff election on 14 December with 58% of votes, defeating Communist Party candidate Jeannette Jara. Kast's campaign focused on crime, illegal migration, and economic concerns. He will become Chile's first president since 1990 to openly support the Pinochet dictatorship era. Exam Relevance: Latin American politics and global political trends.
2. Deadly Mass Shooting at Brown University, USA
Two students died and nine were injured in a shooting at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, on 13 December during final examination week. The shooting occurred in the engineering building during an economics review session. A person of interest was detained then released as evidence pointed in a different direction. Exam Relevance: Global security issues and gun violence in the US.
3. Terror Attack at Bondi Beach, Australia Targets Hanukkah Celebration
At least 15 people died in a terror attack at Bondi Beach, Sydney, during a Hanukkah celebration on 14 December. The attack involved a father-son duo; the father (50) was killed by police while the son (24) is in critical condition. A bystander was praised as a hero for tackling one gunman. Australian PM Anthony Albanese declared it an antisemitic terrorist attack. Exam Relevance: Global terrorism and antisemitism.
4. Russia-Ukraine War Continues (Day 1,389)
Ukraine reported Russia launched over 450 drones and 30 missiles overnight, causing major blackouts affecting over 1 million households in Odesa. Two people were killed in a Ukrainian drone strike on Saratov, Russia. The Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant temporarily lost offsite power for the 12th time. US envoys are meeting European leaders in Berlin to discuss peace negotiations. Exam Relevance: International conflicts and geopolitics.
5. Syria Marks One Year Since Assad's Fall
Syria observed the first anniversary of Bashar al-Assad's overthrow on 8 December 2025. Assad remains in exile in Russia under strict supervision. The US lifted sanctions through the Caesar Act repeal, expected to unlock billions for reconstruction. However, sectarian violence and Israeli aggression continue to challenge stability. Exam Relevance: Middle East politics and post-conflict transitions.
6. Pakistan Sentences Former ISI Chief to 14 Years
A military court in Pakistan sentenced former Inter-Services Intelligence director general Faiz Hameed to 14 years in prison on charges of engaging in political activities and violating the Official Secrets Act. Exam Relevance: Pakistan's internal politics and civil-military relations.
7. Austria Bans Religious Headwear in Schools
Austria passed legislation banning hijabs and burqas from being worn in schools by girls under 14 years old, sparking debate on religious freedom and secularism. Exam Relevance: European policies on religion and education.
8. Brazilian Police Arrest Former Peruvian Foreign Minister
Brazilian authorities arrested former Peruvian foreign minister Augusto Blacker Miller in Rio de Janeiro following an Albanian court conviction for fraud and an active Interpol notice. Exam Relevance: International law enforcement cooperation.
Economy & Banking
1. RBI Monetary Policy: Repo Rate Cut to 5.25%
The Reserve Bank of India reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25% on 5 December, marking the fourth consecutive rate cut in 2025 for a total reduction of 125 basis points. The MPC maintained a neutral stance while expressing confidence in macroeconomic stability. Exam Relevance: Monetary policy, inflation control, and banking operations.
2. GDP Growth Forecast Upgraded to 7.3%
RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra upgraded India's GDP growth forecast for FY 2025-26 to 7.3% from the earlier 6.8%, citing strong domestic demand, rural recovery, and expanding manufacturing. Q3 and Q4 growth projected at 7% and 6.5% respectively. Exam Relevance: Economic indicators and growth projections.
3. Retail Inflation at Record Low
India's retail inflation (CPI) dropped to 0.25% in October 2025, the lowest on record. The RBI projects CPI inflation at 2% for FY26, well below the 4% target, due to easing food prices and stable crude oil. Exam Relevance: Inflation measurement and causes of price stability.
4. RBI Announces Liquidity Measures
RBI will conduct Open Market Operations (OMO) to purchase government securities worth ₹1 lakh crore and execute a $5 billion three-year dollar-rupee swap to inject liquidity and support credit flow. Exam Relevance: Central bank operations and monetary instruments.
5. Impact of Repo Rate Cut on Borrowers
The rate cut is expected to reduce EMIs on home loans, auto loans, and personal loans, encouraging consumption and investment. MSMEs will benefit from cheaper credit, potentially accelerating industrial growth. Exam Relevance: Banking sector and credit markets.
6. Cyber Security Measures Announced
RBI announced additional authentication for online international digital payments and mandated ".bank.in" domain for Indian banks and ".fin.in" for financial institutions to combat cyber fraud. Exam Relevance: Financial technology and cybersecurity.
7. Global Trade and Tariff Concerns
RBI Governor stated that recent US tariff changes are expected to have minimal impact on India's external sector. India's foreign exchange reserves stood at $686.2 billion on 28 November, providing over 11 months of import cover. Exam Relevance: International trade and forex management.
Science, Technology & Environment
1. ISRO's Gaganyaan-1 Mission Planned for December 2025
ISRO Chairman V Narayanan confirmed the first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission (G1) is scheduled for December 2025, carrying the humanoid robot Vyommitra. The spacecraft will spend three days in low-Earth orbit testing life support, navigation, and re-entry systems. 80% of 7,700 tests have been completed. Exam Relevance: Indian space program and human spaceflight technology.
2. ISRO Reschedules BlueBird-6 Launch
The launch of the 6.5-tonne BlueBird-6 satellite for US-based AST SpaceMobile was postponed from 15 December to around 18-21 December due to technical glitch. The satellite will provide direct-to-device mobile broadband globally. Exam Relevance: Commercial space launches and telecommunications.
3. Seven ISRO Missions Planned by March 2026
ISRO's ambitious lineup includes the first industry-built PSLV for Oceansat, GSLV-Mk II for EOS-5 (GISAT-1A replacement), commercial launches, and technology demonstrations. The human-rated LVM3 will carry the Gaganyaan mission. Exam Relevance: Space technology and public-private partnerships.
4. India's Space Docking Achievement
Earlier in January 2025, ISRO successfully demonstrated space docking with the SpaDeX mission, joining the elite group of nations with this capability—critical for future space station assembly and Moon missions. Exam Relevance: Advanced space technologies.
5. Geminid Meteor Shower Peaks
The annual Geminid meteor shower, one of the most spectacular celestial events, peaked during mid-December. Unlike most meteor showers from comets, Geminids originate from asteroid 3200 Phaethon. Exam Relevance: Astronomy and celestial phenomena.
6. Two New Ramsar Sites in India
Siliserh Lake (Rajasthan) and Kopra Jalashay (Chhattisgarh) were designated as Ramsar Sites. Siliserh Lake is in the buffer zone of Sariska Tiger Reserve and supports 149 bird species and 17 mammal species including the endangered tiger. Exam Relevance: Environmental conservation and wetlands.
7. Climate and Air Quality Management
Stage IV GRAP measures continued in Delhi-NCR due to persistent air quality issues, highlighting ongoing challenges in pollution control despite various government interventions. Exam Relevance: Environmental issues and climate policy.
Sports & Important Days
1. India vs South Africa T20I Series
India defeated South Africa by 7 wickets in the 3rd T20I at Dharamsala on 14 December, taking a 2-1 lead in the series. Arshdeep Singh took 2/13 and was named Player of the Match. South Africa was restricted to 117, with Aiden Markram scoring 61. India chased down the target in 15.5 overs. Exam Relevance: Cricket updates for general awareness.
2. Lionel Messi's G.O.A.T. Tour in India
Argentine football legend Lionel Messi arrived in Mumbai for his G.O.A.T. (Greatest of All Time) Tour India 2025, staying at the Taj Hotel. The event has generated significant excitement among Indian football fans. Exam Relevance: Sports personalities and international events in India.
3. Virat Kohli and Anushka Sharma Spotted at Delhi Airport
Indian cricket star Virat Kohli arrived in Delhi with his wife Anushka Sharma, ahead of upcoming cricket commitments. Exam Relevance: Sports current affairs.
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