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India – National Current Affairs
1. PM Modi's Three-Nation Visit to Jordan, Ethiopia, and Oman
Prime Minister Narendra Modi commenced a three-nation tour on 15 December 2025, visiting Jordan, Ethiopia, and Oman to strengthen bilateral ties with West Asia and the Horn of Africa. India's bilateral trade with Jordan stands at approximately $2.87 billion (focused on phosphates, chemicals), with Oman at $12.4 billion (oil, gas, fertilizers), while Ethiopia trade is around $500 million. Discussions are expected on renewable energy, IT, artificial intelligence investments, and progress toward a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Oman. This visit is crucial for understanding India's diplomatic engagements in strategically important regions.
2. Raj Kumar Goyal Sworn in as Chief Information Commissioner
President Droupadi Murmu administered the oath of office to Raj Kumar Goyal as the Chief Information Commissioner on 15 December 2025. This appointment is significant under the Right to Information Act, 2005, and questions related to transparency governance bodies frequently appear in competitive exams.
3. India Wins Historic Maiden Squash World Cup Title
India clinched its first-ever Squash World Cup title on 14 December 2025 in Chennai, defeating top-seeded Hong Kong 3-0 in the final. Key players included Joshna Chinappa (world No. 79), Abhay Singh (world No. 29), and 17-year-old Anahat Singh. India became the fifth nation and first Asian country to win a major World Squash team event, surpassing their previous bronze medal finish in 2023. This is particularly relevant as squash will make its Olympic debut at LA 2028.
4. Severe Air Quality Crisis in Delhi-NCR
Delhi's air quality deteriorated to 'severe' category on 15 December 2025, with Jahangirpuri recording the worst AQI at 498 among 40 monitoring stations. Under GRAP-IV (Graded Response Action Plan) restrictions, the Delhi government mandated hybrid mode (online classes) for Classes 1-9 and 11 from 15 December. Schools in Ghaziabad, Noida, and Greater Noida also implemented similar measures, while Classes 10 and 12 continued physical attendance.
5. Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty Becomes First Woman President of Press Club of India
Journalist Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty was elected as the first woman President of the Press Club of India, established in 1958 with headquarters in New Delhi. This milestone in Indian media history represents progress in gender representation in journalism institutions.
6. Insurance Sector Reforms: Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha Bill 2025 Approved
The Union Cabinet approved the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025, for introduction in Parliament's Winter Session. Major reforms include increasing FDI limit from 74% to 100% in Indian insurance companies, reducing Net Owned Funds requirement for foreign reinsurers from ₹5,000 crore to ₹1,000 crore, and granting IRDAI disgorgement powers. The bill amends the Insurance Act 1938, LIC Act 1956, and IRDAI Act 1999.
7. Higher Education Overhaul: Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill 2025
The government proposed the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan (VBSA) Bill, 2025, to replace UGC, AICTE, and NCTE with a unified regulatory commission. This aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 vision to streamline higher education regulation, improve academic quality, and modernize governance across universities and institutions.
8. Maharashtra Police Launches AI-Driven MahaCrimeOS Platform
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella announced the statewide rollout of MahaCrimeOS AI, an advanced artificial intelligence-driven investigation platform for Maharashtra Police. Developed in partnership with Microsoft Foundry and the state's AI policing initiative MARVEL, the platform will equip all 1,100 police stations with next-generation cybercrime tools, helping process complaints faster and analyze complex data.
9. NLC India Secures 110 MW Solar Project from NCRTC
NLC India received a Letter of Award (LoA) for a 110 MW solar project from the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) on 15 December 2025. This development is important for questions on renewable energy initiatives and public sector undertakings in the energy sector.
10. Gold and Silver Prices on 15 December 2025
On 15 December 2025, gold prices in India showed 24-carat gold (999 purity) at ₹13,390 per gram and 22-carat gold at ₹12,274 per gram. Silver prices remained firm due to investment and industrial demand. These rates are influenced by international bullion rates, US dollar exchange rates, and seasonal jewelry demand during festive and wedding seasons.
International Current Affairs
1. Sydney Bondi Beach Mass Shooting During Hanukkah Celebration
A father-son duo carried out a mass shooting at Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia on 14 December 2025 during a Hanukkah celebration, killing at least 15 people and injuring 42 others. The attackers, identified as Sajid Akram (50) and Naveed Akram (24) from Lahore, Pakistan, were linked to Islamic State with two IS flags found in their vehicle. Police shot dead the older gunman, while the younger was arrested. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese condemned the antisemitic attack, which was the deadliest in Australia since the 1996 Port Arthur massacre.
2. Hong Kong Court Convicts Jimmy Lai Under National Security Law
Hong Kong's High Court convicted pro-democracy campaigner and media tycoon Jimmy Lai on 15 December 2025 under Beijing's national security law on charges of collusion with foreign forces. The charge carries a possible life sentence and has drawn international attention to judicial independence concerns in the financial hub following the 2019-2020 protests.
3. South Korea's Impeached President Investigation Reveals Year-Long Martial Law Plot
Investigators concluded on 14 December 2025 that South Korea's ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol plotted for over a year to impose martial law to eliminate political rivals and monopolize power, leading to his impeachment and ongoing investigation.
4. Spain Fines Airbnb €64 Million for Unlicensed Rentals
Spain's government imposed a €64 million ($75 million) fine on Airbnb on 15 December 2025 for advertising unlicensed tourist rentals, marking one of the largest penalties against the home-sharing platform in Europe.
5. European Union Sanctions 12 Individuals Over Russian Hybrid Threats
The EU Council sanctioned 12 individuals and 2 entities on 15 December 2025 for Russia's destabilizing activities, including the International Russophile Movement and the 142nd Separate Electronic Warfare Battalion. The sanctions target information manipulation, cyber attacks, and electronic warfare linked to GPS signal failures in EU member states. Total restrictive measures now apply to 59 individuals and 17 entities.
6. Brown University Shooting in Rhode Island
Police in Rhode Island arrested a person of interest on 15 December 2025 following a shooting at Brown University that killed at least two students. The suspect, a 24-year-old man from Wisconsin, was tracked to a hotel in Coventry where two firearms were found.
7. M23 Captures Uvira in Democratic Republic of Congo
The M23 rebel group took control of Uvira in South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, on 15 December 2025, escalating the ongoing conflict in the region as part of the broader DRC-Rwanda conflict.
8. Russia-Ukraine Peace Talks Show Progress
US President Donald Trump stated on 15 December 2025 that an agreement to end Russia's war in Ukraine is "closer than ever," following talks in Berlin with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and European leaders. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister indicated Moscow's openness to Ukraine joining the European Union as part of a potential peace deal.
Economy & Banking
1. RBI Monetary Policy December 2025: Fourth Consecutive Rate Cut
The Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), led by Governor Sanjay Malhotra, announced on 5 December 2025 (relevant for this period's coverage) its fourth consecutive repo rate cut of 25 basis points, reducing the rate from 5.50% to 5.25%. This marks a cumulative 125 basis points reduction in 2025. The decision was unanimous, with the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate reduced to 5.00% and Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) and bank rates to 5.50%. The MPC maintained a neutral stance.
2. GDP Growth Forecast Upgraded to 7.3% for FY26
RBI revised India's real GDP growth forecast for FY 2025-26 upward from 6.8% to 7.3%, citing strong domestic demand, robust Q2 growth of 8.2%, healthy agricultural prospects, GST rationalization benefits, and benign inflation. This represents a "goldilocks period" with 8% GDP growth in H1 and historically low inflation.
3. Inflation Projections Revised Downward
RBI revised FY26 CPI inflation forecast down to 2.0% from 2.6%, following October 2025's record low inflation of 0.25%. The sharp moderation in food prices, improved supply chain conditions, and stable crude oil prices contributed to this decline, keeping inflation well below the 4% target.
4. Liquidity Measures: ₹1.5 Lakh Crore Injection
RBI announced Open Market Operations (OMO) to purchase government securities worth ₹1 lakh crore in December 2025 to inject long-term liquidity. Additionally, a three-year dollar-rupee buy/sell swap worth $5 billion was announced for short-term forex liquidity and currency stabilization. Current system liquidity stands at a surplus of ₹2.66 lakh crore.
5. Rupee Touches Record Low Near ₹84.85 Per Dollar
The Indian rupee weakened to a record low near ₹84.85 per dollar (some reports cite ₹90.8) on 15 December 2025 due to continued Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) outflows and uncertainty over India-US trade negotiations. FIIs withdrew approximately $2 billion from Indian equities in December. Governor Malhotra stated RBI does not target specific rupee levels but ensures orderly movement.
6. Stock Market Performance on 15 December 2025
Indian equity markets showed range-bound trading with NIFTY at 26,078.75 (up 0.17%) and SENSEX at 85,423 (up 153 points or 0.29%) following the monetary policy announcement. Banking and IT stocks attracted buying, while auto and metal sectors faced pressure due to global tariff concerns, particularly Mexico's hints at tariff hikes on vehicles.
Science, Technology & Environment
1. ISRO's Upcoming Missions for 2025-26
ISRO reviewed major upcoming missions including the Gaganyaan-1 uncrewed orbital test mission scheduled for early 2025, which will spend three days in low-Earth orbit testing life support, navigation, and re-entry systems. Other planned missions include GSLV-F15 carrying NVS-02 navigation satellite (January), GSLV-F16 launching NISAR satellite with NASA (February), and commercial LVM3-M5 mission deploying BlueBird Block-2 satellites (March).
2. ISRO's BlueBird-6 Launch Rescheduled
ISRO postponed the launch of the 6.5-tonne BlueBird-6 satellite (built by US-based AST SpaceMobile) from 15 December 2025 to around 18 or 21 December 2025 due to a technical glitch. The satellite is designed to provide direct-to-device mobile broadband connectivity globally using the largest phased antenna arrays for commercial spacecraft (approximately 2,400 square feet).
3. Energy Conservation Day Observed at NTPC Facilities
NTPC Simhadri and other facilities observed National Energy Conservation Day on 14 December 2025, with Union Minister Hardeep Puri emphasizing green hydrogen as key to India's energy transformation. THDC also promoted energy conservation awareness among students in Uttarakhand.
4. Green Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Push
Union Minister Hardeep Puri highlighted green hydrogen's critical role in India's energy transition on 15 December 2025. NLC India and PTC India Ltd announced a green energy joint venture, while Adani Energy Solutions expanded its renewable transmission portfolio through KPS III HVDC acquisition.
5. REC Completes Green Bonds Post-Issuance Assurance
Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) completed post-issuance assurance for $500 million and JPY 61.10 billion green bonds, reinforcing India's commitment to sustainable financing for renewable energy projects.
Sports & Important Days
Sports Achievements:
1. India's Historic Squash World Cup Victory
India won its maiden Squash World Cup title on 14 December 2025, defeating Hong Kong 3-0 in the final held in Chennai. The team remained unbeaten throughout the tournament with victories over Switzerland (4-0), Brazil (4-0), South Africa (3-0), and two-time defending champions Egypt (3-0) in the semifinals. Key performers included Joshna Chinappa (39, world No. 79), Abhay Singh (world No. 29), Anahat Singh (17), and Velavan Senthilkumar. India became the fifth nation after Australia, England, Egypt, and Pakistan to win a major World Squash team title.
2. India Defeats Pakistan in U-19 Asia Cup 2025
India triumphed over Pakistan by 90 runs in the U-19 Asia Cup 2025 cricket tournament, showcasing dominant young talent in the youth cricket competition.
3. India Leads T20 Series Against South Africa 2-1
India won the third T20 match against South Africa on 14 December 2025, scoring 120/3 to chase down South Africa's 117, winning by seven wickets. India leads the 5-match series 2-1, demonstrating strong performance in bilateral cricket.
Important Days:
1. National Energy Conservation Day (14 December)
Observed across India on 14 December 2025 to promote energy efficiency and conservation awareness, with events at major PSUs like NTPC and participation from educational institutions.
2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's Death Anniversary (15 December)
15 December 2025 marks the 75th death anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. Born on 31 October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat, Patel integrated over 560 princely states into the Indian Union. The Statue of Unity in Gujarat, the world's tallest statue at 182 meters, was inaugurated in 2018 to honor his legacy.
3. International Tea Day (Unofficial - 15 December)
While the official UN International Tea Day is observed on 21 May, tea-producing countries traditionally observe an unofficial International Tea Day on 15 December to promote tea consumption and recognize tea workers' contributions.
4. Bill of Rights Day (USA - 15 December)
Commemorates the ratification of the first ten amendments to the US Constitution on 15 December 1791, protecting fundamental freedoms including speech, religion, and assembly.
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